This Volume of SURe - New Physics has been updated in June 2026.

Next update is planned  till Oct, 2027

 

 

This presentation describes the only possible mechamism, how the universe was created and how it developed to the current status by using the two only  fundamental laws of nature.

  

 

 

 

 

Inhaltsverzeichnis

2

Description and Explanation of the Generation and Evolution of the Universe 2

1. Axiom: The Universe is physical Reality 2

1.1 The Definition of physical Reality is mechanical Reality 2

1.2 The Universe requires a concrete stable Volume 3

1.3 The Universe is filled completely with Particles (Omnipresent Photons) 3

1.4 All interactions in universe are predetermined 4

2. Requirements for the physical Reality of the Generation of the Universe 5

2.1 All matter and Energy in Universe is generated out of Nothing 5

2.2 The only possible Generation of Matter 5

2.3 The Explanation for the Separation 6

2.4 The Physical Reality of Mass 7

2.5 The Probability of the real Generation of Matter is near zero 8

2.6 One Statement about Generation of Matter has to be corrected 9

2.7 The Correct Separation of Spin-Energies 10

2.8 The current Theory for Generation of matter 10

2.9 The current Description of Matter and Energies is based on Errors 11

2.10 Explanation of the End of Generation of Matter and Energy 12

2.11 The Status of Universe after Generation 12

3. Essential Findings for the Evolution of the Universe 13

3.1 The two fundamental Laws of Nature determine all Events in Universe 13

3.2 Detected already in 1930s years: All Matter consists of bound Electrons 14

3.3 The Actions of Physicists to prevent that the physical Reality is detected 15

3.4 Physicists invent a pure fictive Theory to avoid knowledge about Reality 16

3.5 Physicists can do a lot of useful scientific Tasks based on physical Reality 16

4. Interactions of Electrons after Generation 17

4.1 Generation of Bonds and the Reality of Bonds 17

4.2 Resulting rules for Bondings and Bonds 18

4.3 Verification of the Mechanism to form bonds: Entanglement of Particles 18

4.4 The first Explanation of the vibrations of bound Electrons 19

4.5 Physicist try to uncover that they do not know anything about Vibrations 19

4.6 The current Violation of the Principle of Energy Conservation for Vibration 20

4.7 The important breaking of Bonds 20

4.8 Rules for Structures of Particles 21

4.9 An Example of a fatal Misinterpretation: Bonding Energy 22

5. The Reality of Bondings to Atoms 23

5.1 The first Bondings up to Pions 23

5.2 The Bondings from Pion to Proton 23

5.3 The Bonding from Protons to Hydrogen 25

5.4 The Bonding of Hydrogen to a Star like the Sun 25

5.5 The first Explanation of the Ignition of a Star 26

5.6 The Generation of all other Atoms by Supernova 27

5.7 Remnants of Supernova 27

5.8 Black Holes are the most simplest celestial bodies 27

ATTACHMENT 28

Prior Version with pictures 28

 

 

Description and Explanation of the Generation and Evolution of the Universe

 

1. Axiom: The Universe is physical Reality

 

1.1 The Definition of physical Reality is mechanical Reality

 

Reality is correctly defined in Wikipedia:

Reality is everything that exists, which means that is not imaginary.

This implies:

Physical reality is everything that consists of concrete describable 3-dimensional objects which do concrete describable mechanical interactions.

 

Requirements for physical reality are:

* Everything in universe has to be described by mechanical interactions of 3-dimensional objects and concrete relative locality.

* Every interaction of objects has to be described by transfers of energies and forces by collisions or contacts of objects.

* All statements concerning physical interactions are refutable by unambiguous observations, but can’t be refuted.

* All statements concerning physical interactions have to be unambiguous and without any inconsistencies.

* All physical quantities have to refer to physically describable properties of objects/ particles, which means that for example all energies and all forces like heat and pressure refer to properties of particles.

* Physical reality can be derived by unambiguous conclusions based on unambiguous observations.

* All interactions have to be logically explainable by fundamental laws of nature. (Will be presented later).

 

Everything, which does not fulfill above requirements, is physically impossible, imaginary and no physical reality.

 

1.2 The Universe requires a concrete stable Volume

 

Infinite is physically not describable and thus no physical reality.

This means there has to exist a limiting solid wall, which holds all matter in our universe.

The only possible matter for the wall are frozen photons, which is also the case for the so called black holes.

The theory of expansion of the universe is physically impossible, as there is no energy which can expand the wall.

The theory of expansion of the universe is based on the biased observation that the kinetic energy of visible photons from galaxies decrease by increasing distance of galaxies. The change of kinetic energy of photons by relative movement of observer and source of photons just shows the relativity of kinetic energy and velocities. Therefore this effect is correctly used do define the orbital velocities of stars around a black hole. Physicists call this usual effect of relativity Doppler effect.

For the photons emitted from galaxies in far distances there is a completely different cause for the observed reduction of kinetic energies of photons: It is the reduction of all kinetic energies of photons by light scattering of molecules. This is caused by the low densities of molecules which are more or less everywhere in space.

This effect is strongly increased by our atmosphere and causes that the light from sun appears yellow on earth , orange at times when the photons have a long way through atmosphere (morning and evening) and white, when there is no atmosphere: in space or on moon.

There are no increasing movements of galaxies away form us by increasing distance from earth and no expansion of space.

 

 

1.3 The Universe is filled completely with Particles (Omnipresent Photons)

 

This is an unambiguous conclusion of the observation that gravitational forces are exerted all over the universe. Forces can only by exerted by collisions of objects. As the objects are not visible by eyes the objects have to be very small, very stable and huge amounts have to exist. There is only one particle, which fullfill all requirements: low energetic IR-photons which do irregular Brownian movements and are called by me omnipresent photons contrary to the radiating photons. By various observations can be estimated that these represent over 99% of all particles

Also electromagnetic attraction or repulsion has to be explained by collisions of omnipresent photons.

 

The constant volume of the universe is verified by the constant density of omnipresent photons over time. Otherwise many values of physical properties would change by time.

 

Omnipresent photons have been already identified by physics as low energetic omnipresent photons. These have first been correctly called 3Kelvin photons, but then got the unscientific term “cosmic microwave background (CMB)”. It was clearly observed that nearly same amounts of photons are detected in all directions, which means also when the detector is directly mounted with short distance to earth ground. By this it is clearly refuted that the photons refer to a “cosmic background”. In addition already Albert Einstein has refuted that photons can be 2-dimensional waves. But he knew that he would get trouble by an official refutation of an accepted theory, therefore he allowed the physically impossible theory as “alternative reality”.

 

 

1.4 All interactions in universe are predetermined

 

A very important observation is, that the appearance of matter in universe

is the same all over the universe: Galaxies with black holes in center and stars orbiting around black holes. Between galaxies the is a net of magnetic fields.

By this observation it can be concluded:

* The first generated particles in universe (=electrons) were created everywhere in the universe with same density and at the same time.

* All further interactions of electrons were and are predetermined by the fundamental laws of nature. This means that all interactions of a group of interacting particles are determined by former states of particles. 

* When the two only fundamental laws of nature are combined to the Weltformel and the Weltformel would be programmed in a computer, the computer will calculate the same appearance of matter in the universe as we observe.

* By determinism there are no options for theories or hypotheses anymore. Discussion about reality have an end. 

 

 

2. Requirements for the physical Reality of the Generation of the Universe

 

2.1 All matter and Energy in Universe is generated out of Nothing

 

This requirement can be concluded by the requirement that physical reality of the universe has to be explainable. When there would have been anything in the universe before generation, this is not explained. So the explanation of the generation of the universe has always to start with zero energy and zero matter.

Current theory (Big Bang) does not start with zero matter and zero energy. So it is no theory for the generation of the universe. Despite of this every statement is very obviously physical impossible. Overall the big bang theory is a demonstration of physics, that there is not any interest that physics is regarded as a natural science but a spiritual science based on fictive physically impossible theories.

Most scientists were already aware, that the generation of matter and energy in universe has to start at nothing. Most scientists think that the combination of matter and antimatter results from nothing to matter and energy. The problem was, that in order to describe matter and antimatter the physically impossible statement was used, that these differ by physically not existing charges. Charges clearly have no describable structure and in addition + and – are no physical characteristic that means are among the many terms in physics, which have no physical meaning.

So first task would have been to find the difference between matter and antimatter, which has a physical meaning. Actually physicists had already defined the real difference: The difference refers to spin movements to opposite directions. But physicists have not accepted this simple difference. Maybe they realized that this difference is no absolute but just a relative difference of particles: Particles just have to turn upside down to convert from matter to antimatter. They did not realize that this is the solution for the apparent problem, that there seems to be more matter than antimatter. The physical reality is that matter and antimatter are identical particles and therefore a difference of quantities is physically impossible.

But for explaining the generation of matter the relative difference is extremely important.

 

2.2 The only possible Generation of Matter

 

Most physicist are aware that electrons and positrons are the smallest particles in universe. Thus it makes sense to find a solution for the generation of positrons and electrons out of nothing. Physicists claimed that the shape of electrons is point-like. which is paradox because a point has no shape. It refers just to a position. The physical reality is that electrons are spherical.

Already Isaac Newton has observed that movements of objects have to be described by force vectors. Also kinetic energies can exert forces and have to be described by vectors. The mayor rule for vectors which start at the same position is that these result to a vector by the specific mathematical or geometrical vector addition. This means that two superposed kinetic energies with same origin position and value, but opposite direction add to zero kinetic energy.

 

This results to the fact that the complete superposition of opposite spin energies (= an electron with a positron) results to zero.

It can be calculated by the sum of kinetic energies of all superposed volume increments of a positron and an electron.

When the superposed oppositely rotating energies separate along their common spin axes, two separate particles are generated, which occupy a 3-dimensional space, which is the definition of matter.

This is illustrated by following picture 1.

 

 

2.3 The Explanation for the Separation

 

The requirement for the separation is, that this is done by permanent conservation of total energy although the spin energies have to be accelerated.

The explanation for the acceleration without energy is, that the spin energies have no mass and by this no kinetic energy. This could be verified by the definition of mass, which is nothing physical, but just a correlation factor for acceleration. I also found out that the mass of a particle correlates to the number of parallel vibrating bonds of the particle (see next chapter). As an electron has no bond, this is another verification of the explanation.

Thus the separation of spin energies can occur spontaneously. It is even the only interaction in the universe, which occurred spontaneously.

 

By the universal principle of total energy conservation this provides the knowledge that the total energy of the universe is still zero and remains zero for all times. This is one of the most important natural constants, because all interactions in universe are determined by this.

 

 

2.4 The Physical Reality of Mass

 

The current thinking that mass represents a physical matter is no reality, it is just a mathematical correlation factor for the magnitude of acceleration. I found out that mass correlates to number of parallel vibrating bonds of an object.

This can be explained by the observation that velocities of particles correlate to amplitudes of vibrations and direction of movement is determined by direction of vibration. Vibrations always refer to vibrations of bound electrons (explained later).

Thus acceleration means that the parallel vibrations change their amplitudes and/or direction.

Unbound particles like electrons do no vibration and thus have no mass. This means electrons can change their movements without being accelerated by energy. For the separation there is just the requirement that the superposed spin energy stays stable. This is fulfilled, when the separation is done along the common spin axes.

 

Comments:

* The currently stated value for the mass of an electron is in reality the mass of an electron-pair. The mass of electrons can’t be measured. The reasons for this is, that electrons have very short lifetimes because these are bound by nearly all other matter. Electrons are rarely generated, mostly by radioactive Beta decays. Electrons have a high potential for causing cancer.

 

* The particles of electricity and electric current are electron-pairs, which are also called neutrinos.

 

* It is well known that the mass of an atom refers just to the nucleus of the atom and that the nucleus represents less than 0.01% of the matter of an atom. This means that nearly the complete atom consists of a currently unknown matter which has no mass. Based on the studies of Max Planck about emissions of huge amounts of photons by atomic matter, I concluded that the unknown matter has to be bound photons. I also could clearly define the structure of bound photons to be hexagonally bound chain structures of photons. These structures are other rare examples of particles without mass. The reason for this is that these do vibrations to all directions (overall no excess of parallel vibrations). This results the fact, that vibrations are limited to relative small changes of the diameter of the bound hexagons. Thus these vibrations are different to the parallel vibrations of atomic nuclei although photon chains are bound to the nucleus.

 

* There is an important effect by the different vibration- modes between the nuclei and the photon chains which are bound to the nuclei: Whereas the vibration - amplitudes of nuclei correlate to speeds of atoms, the vibration of the photon-chains correlate to the temperature.

Therefore velocities of atomic particles do not correlate directly to temperature.

 

* As magnetic, electromagnetic and electric field lines consist of hexagonally bound photon structures these also don’t have a mass, which is well observed

 

* Single photons and oligomers of photons have a mass.

 

* Matter is no mass but just spin-energy, which occupies a specific spherical volume. As the spin-energy does not exert forces outside the spin-volume, it is called inner energy.

 

* Mass is no energy.

 

* Everything, which exists in universe are just spin-energies, which are bound by partly superposition (explained later).

 

 

 

2.5 The Probability of the real Generation of Matter is near zero

 

The generation of matter (=energy) in the universe is one of several events in the universe, which are physically possible, but should not occur because the probability is near zero, which can be called statistically impossible. The specific statistically impossible events for generation of the universe are:

* Occurrence of all spontaneous separations at the same time.

* Generation of spin energies with same size and magnitudes.

* The availability of just two laws of nature, which explains everything in universe.

* The evolution of a universe, in which living beings can survive.

* The evolution of human beings, which can think.

* The observed fact that the universe works in a way that all events are in favor for mankind and nature

* The fact that human beings had not done earlier physical research to define the physical reality of the universe.

 

This shows following:

* it can be assumed that there is a space outside our universe, in which there is a supernatural force, which can control the probability of physical interactions but can’t do anything in the universe, which is physically impossible.

 

By the two laws of Nature there is one single interaction, which occurs with a frequency of about 1 per several thousand times, which can extend the time duration of an interaction, which has statistically no impact on determination. But it would be possible that an external force uses this for the expansion of time duration of theses interactions for a limited control of the universe. The corresponding interaction refers to a vibration which has an amplitude, which is exactly at the limit between back movement and emission. By each backmovement there will be an additional vibration till the same position and so on.

This is described in the chapter “The Theory of God”, which is the only theory of SURe – New Physics.

 

 

2.6 One Statement about Generation of Matter has to be corrected

 

A very busy commentator of my home-page did some valuable comments, which suggested me to review his objections. One objection was that he had doubt that an electron has no mass and by this no kinetic energy. This statement was used by me for explanation of the separation of spin-energies without the need of energy. Thus in June 2026, after about 11 years of being sure that my explanation is reality, I have to admit that my earlier thinking is not correct.

This perfectly shows that searching for errors and replacing errors by reality is the most important work in physical research. As already mentioned, over 90 % of my time to define and explain the reality of the universe were necessary to search own errors and correct these. So many thanks to all, who have sent and will send found discrepancies to me for correction.

Nearly the only physical findings which survived since detection on 11-Oct-2015 are the two Fundamental Laws of Nature, which I already at that time realized that these can be called “Weltformel”.

 

2.7 The Correct Separation of Spin-Energies

 

The correlation factor mass is only valid for particles with mass. For particles without mass the kinetic energy is just proportional to the relative movement. This means that also moving electrons have a kinetic energy. So there has to be a process for

transfer of kinetic energy for the separation of superposed electrons (=spin energies). The solution is, that the completely superposed spin-energies had higher values at the zero state and by the increasing kinetic energy of separation these decreased with same amounts, so that the total energy is permanently constant during separation.

 

 

2.8 The current Theory for Generation of matter

 

As already mentioned most physicists correctly think, that Generation of matter has to occur by interaction of matter with antimatter.

 

Current theory is that

1. Matter and antimatter particles have been generated in not entirely equal proportions out of Nothing.

2. Most of the particles were eliminated again by recombination to Nothing by equal amounts.

3. This resulted in the observation that in the universe is more matter than antimatter.

This theory makes no sense, because in order to make statementa about matter and antimatter it has to be defined, what is the reality of matter and antimatter and which is the real difference between matter and antimatter.

By physical research this can be clearly found out: There is just a relative difference, which is the  spin direction of particles. This is no absolute difference, which means matter and antimatter are identical particles and therefore it is impossible that there is a general difference for the portion of the particles.The spin direction determines at which side of a magnetic field line a particle can bind. the side of bonding determines to which side in a magnetic field the particle is deflected. Therefore the ratio between different spin directions can be tested by deflection of magnetic fields. For this it has also to be known, that the electrons of particles can rotate to all possible directions of rotations and not only to two directions. But by magnetic fields all different spin rotations are adjusted to one of the opposite directions of the magnetic field. The conversion from all spin directions to just two spin rotation is determined by the spin direction which is nearer to the spin- direction which allows bonding. Thus when particles have random spin directions ib a magnetic field thes are adjusted 50:50 to the two directions of the magnetic field which results to the obserbvation that  particles are mostly deflected 50:50 to each side of a dipol magnet. 

This can be easily tested for different particles. 

The result of this test is that nearly all homogeneous mixtures of particles like photons or gas molecules are deflected with equal amounts to both sides of a magnetic dipol magnet. This clearly verifies that generally there is a balance between matter and antimatterwhich means ballancw between spin orientation. 

 

2.9 The Description of Matter and Energies by Quantum Physics  is based on Errors

 

The Stern- Gerlach experiment verified the 50:50 balance between spin orientations even for quicksilver atoms, which means that the experiment showed that equal amounts of emitted quicksilver atoms were deflected to opposite sides of the used magnetic field. Unfortunately Stern and Gerlach did not carefully observe their experiment, because they stated that the atomic beams are deflected in the same direction, although the reality of opposite direction was clearly observable. The only unusual outcome of the experiment was that because of using a specific inhomogeneous magnet, the beam of atoms was deflected to one side  stronger than to the other side. This should have been expected and taken into account by the physicists. Neverthelesss they misinterpreted the two opposite deflections as two different magnitudes of deflection to the same side. They did not realize that this is physically impossible. There is not any explanation or reason that spin rotations to different sides can result to different magnitudes of energy. And why should this only be possible for quicksilver atoms, wheras all other particles show equal deviations to opposite direction. Another reality is that the magnitudes of deflection correlates to magnetic strength.

But typical for current physics is that an error which occurred by the wrong conducting of one single experiment and an observation which was unreal and in addition misinterpreted is now called “one of the most important and most fascinating experiments of modern physics. By this the quantization of spin energies was discovered The experiment laid the foundation for modern quantum physics and completely changed our understanding of nature.” (Google KI).

Reality is that the experiment clearly shows that modern physics is mainly based on erroneous experimentation and biased observations. This experiment is only one experiment of many other experiments in modern physics which had a strong impact on physics to prevent the understanding of the nature and the discovery of the physical reality of the universe.

The quantization of energies is physically impossible because it has been never observed and it would violate one of the most important laws , which requires that the total energy of all physical interactions is permanently constant. This means energies have to be transferred in a way that the change of energy can be balanced permanently by another energy of an object. This cannot be done abruptly but over all natural values so that it can be transferred.

Another refutation of the theory of discrete energies is that all energies refer to kinetic ebergies. Kinetic energies are relative energies of movement. By this kinetic energies can have all kind of natural values, otherwise acceleration would not be possible.

There are lots of other refutations.

Reality is the observation that all objects have specific energies, but specific energies are no discrete energies. Absorption and emission spectra show more or less broad bands of specific energies, but no discrete energy levels.

The theory of existence of quantum numbers shows that physics is no natural and the other theories of quantum physics science any more.

 

 

 

2.10 Explanation of the End of Generation of Matter and Energy

 

The observed homogeneity of the universe can only be explained by the fact, that the universe started with generation of electrons at the same time everywhere in the space of the universe, which has to have a fixed limited volume. It is an important requirement, that there is also a logical explanation that the generations of electrons ends after a specific time. The density of positions which are suitable for generation of electrons can be estimated as soon as the densities of the omnipresent photons will be measured. Concerning the stop of the generation it would be logical, that after start of generation all positions in space which are traversed by a generated electron will not work any more because of destroying the symmetry. In addition a stop will occur, when there is a direct partly superposition within the creation volume, so that the separation does not work.

 

 

2.11 The Status of Universe after Generation

 

After the generation of electrons there are during a short time span when there are moving electrons all over the space (see picture ). The moving directions were various and the velocities might have been slightly different.

By mutual collisions one of following interactions were done:

1. Bonding of the colliding two electrons, when the contact positions of electrons rotate mainly to opposite direction do contrary spin rotations.

2. Reflection of the two colliding electrons, when the contact positions of electrons rotate mainly to same direction.

3. When the collision energy is very high, the electrons penetrate each other.

4. When an electron collides exactly with his spinning pole to the opposite rotating pole of another electron the two electrons will be eliminated. But this doesn’t happen very often.

 

3. Essential Findings for the Evolution of the Universe

 

3.1 The two fundamental Laws of Nature determine all Events in Universe

 

The first fundamental Law of Nature is the principle of energy conservation in following form:

The total energy of a group of interacting objects is permanently constant

 

The second fundamental Law of Nature refers to the force that objects achieve minimal spin energies:

Superposed objects are accelerated to the position, where the sum over all volume increments of superposed spin-energies are minimal. This is the only driving (= accelerating) force in universe. The corresponding counter-force is the inertness of the kinetic energy of objects.

In current physics the second fundamental law of nature has not even been found in a similar version like it is the case for the principle of conversation of total energy. The second one is even of higher importance for the universe: It describes the only driving force in universe, which means without this law there would be not any interaction in universe. The universe would be dead. The missing knowledge of this law explains, why physicists are not able to understand and explain the interactions in the universe.

 

The second law explains why the general requirement for an interaction is a collision or a contact, by which a superposition of particles occurs. The superposed area can be very small. On the other side when there is the closest distance between particles, nothing happens, which means there is no attraction and no repulsion. This shows that when no contact is visible then the contact is done by omnipresent photons.

Here we explain the possible interactions on single electrons but the same interactions occur with bound electrons.

1. Bonding of two electrons

Bonding occurs, when two electrons collide, which have have same direction of spin rotation. By this the areas of superposition rotate to opposite direction. This causes the acceleration to an increased area of superposition. The lowest sum of superposed spin energy is achieved somewhat beyond the spin axis. The status of partly superposition is called bond. All bonds of particles refer to partly superimposed electrons.

 

2. Emission by collision of an electron with a positron.

Emission occurs when two electrons collide, which have opposite spin direction (= electron collides to positron). By this the superposed area rotates to same direction which increases the spin energy. This causes that the particles are accelerated to less superposed volume and finally results that the particles are emitted from each other. This process is also called reflection or scattering.

 

Resulting rules: The contrary of the theory occurs: Electrons bind to electrons and positrons to positrons, but never electrons to positrons. This causes that all bound particles have the same direction of spin-movements.

 

Verification: The same spin direction of bound particles explains the phenomenon of entanglement: When a particle decays, the decayed particles have the same direction of spin rotation. Another currently used term instead of the physically correct term “same direction of spin rotation” is the term “same polarity”. Thus when a bound photon chain which is equivalent to a magnetic fielsd line decays to single photons, then all photons are entangled particles concerning the property spin direction. Even when two photons collide these mostly bind to a di-photon with same spin-orientation and by subsequent decay generates two photons with same spin orientation and same kinetic energy. This is the explanation why all emitted photons of a laser have same spin – direction and same kinetic energy.

 

 

3.2 Detected already in 1930s years: All Matter consists of bound Electrons

 

It is unbelievable but true: The most significant experimental studies in particle physics were performed in the years of the 1930s. I was able to draw nearly all knowledge of the generation of matter, of subatomic particles and other particle physics out of these early studies, whereas the 90 years of physical research after that time did not add any meaningful knowledge about particles.

The genius idea of the study was to identify the successive decay particles of emitted protons from sun in different altitudes of the atmosphere in a balloon. The detected particles showed following steps of decays:

Proton (13e) ↔ neutron (10e) → kaon- (7e) → pion (5e) → photon (4e)* → muon (3e) → electron- neutrino (2e)** → electrons and positrons.

*) Lots of photons were emitted by collisions of decayed particles with molecules of atmospheric gases. Therefore the decay of one proton resulted to cascades of particles, which hit the ground on areas with a diameter of multiple kilometers. This phenomenon was called air shower or particle shower.

**) The electron-neutrino, which is called by me later electron-pair was not discovered by the historic studies.

By the observation that all atomic matter decays to electrons and positrons and based on my knowledge of reaction kinetics I concluded that all matter in universe decays in multiple reaction steps to the only fundamental particles, which are electrons and postrons. In addition I concluded that all matter in Universe has been generated by bondings of electrons/positrons. I was already aware that electrons and positrons are identical particles. By the successive decays and mass differences I have defined the structures and number of bound electrons of all relevant subatomic particles. Concerning structures see pictures in attachment.

The separate decay reactions of the subatomic particles have later been verified by physicists with modern analytical methods.

Photons are by far much more stable than kaons, pions and muons, so photons will mostly remain stable.

 

 

3.3 The Actions of Physicists to prevent that the physical Reality is detected

 

I had unbelievable luck that I have read the article about particle showers in Wikipedia already about 9 years ago. It is found under “ Luftschauer” and Teilchenschauer” in Germany. I was shocked when I read the same article few years later and became aware that all important findings were eliminated. The complete text was not of value any more. It was not possible any more to draw any conclusion about the reality of particle physics and by this about the reality of the universe, which was the relative simple for me. This clearly shoes that physics has converted from a natural science, which has the task to find the physical reality of the universe to an antiscience, which has the task to do everything to avoid that the reality of the universe is detected. Instead of verification the most important findings in history of physical research by repeating the experiments these with higher accuracy and additional findings, the experiments were declared to be not existing.

The most important eliminated finding is the first decay particle of a proton is a kaon. By the measured mass of kaons, which is about half of that of a proton was the major information, which is needed to define the successive decay reactions, which are reverse to the successive binding reactions for the evolution of the matter in universe.

 

 

 

 

3.4 Physicists invent a pure fictive Theory to avoid knowledge about Reality

 

In the 1960s years physicists replaced the great findings by scientific work of the 1930s by pure science fiction without any experimental work. Thus unambiguous physical reality was replaced by an unreal and physical impossible theory of quarks and gluons, which were never observed. Later physicists misused an analysis of a proton by electron scattering as verification of the theory. The reality is that the detected signals are conform to the real structure of a proton but not conform to the theory of quarks and gluons. So the observations refuted the theory. Typical is that basic pictures of the measurements are hard to find and the analytical method has not been improved since nearly 60 years. There is no other experimental observation, by which the structure of a proton has been measured.

The apparent evidence of quarks by experiments cannot be taken seriously. All claimed detections of quarks are very obviously far away from scientific research work and far away from an analytical method to identify particles.

Nearly all particles which are observed since over 60 years in analysers of particle colliders are photons, independently from accelerated particles. Why are physicists able to identify photons since many decades except in particle colliders?

 

 

3.5 Physicists can do a lot of useful scientific Tasks based on physical Reality

 

It is correct that physical research on theoretical or fundamental physics can be nearly completely terminated because of the detection of physical reality.

But this means just that the high intellectual capabilities of physicists can be used the first time for urgently needed research to save the living quality for mankind in future. Physicists can develop uncountable new technical systems by knowing the physical reality. Particular in medicine we urgently need to do additional research work, which can be done by physicists. There will be not any physical scientists, who will not be urgently needed for research. Many companies will need additional physicists for new technical developments. This will automatically replace the public funding of research institutes after an adequate time span.

 

 

 

4. Interactions of Electrons after Generation

 

4.1 Generation of Bonds and the Reality of Bonds

 

By knowing that all matter and Energy refer to bound electrons, it can be clearly concluded that the basic interactions after generation of electrons are bondings of electrons. In order to define the mechanism to build bonds, it is essential to have knowledge about the second fundamental law of nature, which is:

 

Superposed electrons are accelerated to the position of lowest sum of superposed spin-energies.

 

This explains that the general requirement for an interaction is a collision or a contact, by which a superposition of particles occur. The superposed area can be very small.

On the other side when there is the closest distance between particles, nothing happens, which means there is no attraction and no repulsion. This shows that when no contact is visible then the contact is done by omnipresent photons.

Here we explain the possible interactions on single electrons but the same interactions occur with bound electrons.

 

1. Bonding of two electrons

Bonding occurs, when two electrons collide, which have have same direction of spin rotation. By this the areas of superposition rotate to opposite direction. This causes the acceleration to an increased area of superposition. The lowest sum of superposed spin energy is achieved somewhat beyond the spin axis. The status of partly superposition is called bond. All bonds of particles refer to partly superimposed electrons.

 

2. Emission by collision of an electron with a positron.

Emission occurs when two electrons collide, which have opposite spin direction (= electron collides to positron). By this the superposed area rotates to same direction which increases the spin energy. This causes that the particles are accelerated to less superposed volume and finally results to the fact that the particles are emitted from each other. This process is also called reflection or scattering.

 

 

4.2 Resulting rules for Bondings and Bonds

 

1. While electrons are accelerated to the position of lowest spin energy these align their spin axes parallel, as only by this minimal spin energy is achieved.

2. Because of 1., all electrons in a bound particle have the same spin directions.

3. The mechanism for bondings ans Emissions is valid for all particles.

4. The contrary of the current theory occurs: “Negative” particles bind to “negative” particles and “positive” particles bind to “positive” particles while “negative” particles never bind to “positive” particles.

5. No other bonds in the universe do exist.

 

 

4.3 Verification of the Mechanism to form bonds: Entanglement of Particles

 

The fact that all bound electrons of a particle have the same spin direction explains the phenomenon of the entanglement of particles: When a particle decays, the decayed particles have the same direction of spin rotation.

Another currently used term instead of the physically correct term “same direction of spin rotation” is the term “same polarity”. Thus when a bound photon chain which is bound to an atomic nucleus decays to single photons, then all photons are entangled particles concerning the property of spin direction. Even when two photons collide these mostly bind to a di-photon with same spin-orientation and by subsequent decay generates two photons with same spin orientation and same kinetic energy. The corresponding reaction is called by me bonding & emission reaction, which is appied in a laser.

The first real explanation of a laser:

1. By electric current a decay reactions of specific atoms are activated, so that photons are emitted form the photon-chains of the atom.

2. The decay reactions occur in a tube (laser-tube) with mirrors at the two ends.

3. By collisions and the corresponding bonding & emission reactions the kinetic energies and spin-directions are averaged to identical values.

4. Most photons will move from one mirror to the other in the tube.

5. At one side there is a hole in the center of mirror, so that photons with same (entangled) kinetic energy, same (entangled) spin direction and high density are emitted out of the tube.

 

4.4 The first Explanation of the vibrations of bound Electrons

 

The movement of two electrons to the superposition with lowest sum of spin-energy does not stop at this position, but the inertness of kinetic energy causes that the movement continues with continuously reduced velocity until zero. After that it is accelerated to the position with minimum spin energy again. This alternating movement of partly superposed (=bound) electrons is the explanation of the fact, that all bonds vibrate, even at absolute zero temperature.

Only one vibration mode exists: It is the symmetric stretch vibration of bound electrons.

 

4.5 Physicist try to uncover that they do not know anything about Vibrations

 

In current physics there is also the statement that bonds vibrate. The answer of the Google KI to the question how vibration of bonds are explained reveals, that as anawer just a reference to mechanical vibrations are mentioned. It would be much more scientific that physicists would admit that they can’t explain vibrations of particles. The fact that physicist don’t mention their theory of bonding, which is the attraction of + and – charges, clearly shows that physicists know that vibration clearly refutes the theory of just one single force, which is attraction.

Vibration is an accelerated movement to two directions, which requires two opposite forces, which is well known since Isaac Newton. This again shows that it seems that no scientist wants to get knowledge about the reality of the universe. The real root of cause for the facts, that current physics is no natural science and that physicists have not found the physical reality of the universe is the current inadequate research system.

When refutations and corrections of theories would be appreciated and acknowledged as excellent achievements of physical research and would be the basis for public funding of physical research, it would take less than 2 years until physicists would have refuted all theories and found the physical reality of all interactions in universe.

The physical reality is very simple because there are just two forces in universe, which explain all movements in universe:

1. The force, that partly superposed electrons (=spin-energies) are accelerated to the position of lowest sum of superimposed spin- energies.

2. The force of inertness of straight kinetic energy, which is the counteracting force for 1.

 

4.6 The current Violation of the Principle of Energy Conservation for Vibration

 

By above forces also the requirement for permanent conservation of total energy is fulfilled for vibration: By decrease of spin-energy the kinetic energy is increased and vice versa.

In current physics for most interactions it is not quantitatively checked, whether energy is permanently constant. Instead a conversion from one type to the other type is mentioned. Conversion of particles or energies is an expression which is used by “magics”. In the universe there are no conversions, but just transfers of particles or kinetic energies from the bound status to the unbound status or vice versa. The bound status of kinetic energy is the vibration energy.

 

 

4.7 The important breaking of Bonds

 

In order that there are still movements in universe the only driving force in universe requires a counter-force.

By this it is assured that bound particles break again. Concerning breaking of bonds one has to know, that the vibration of a new bond is averaged with other bonds of the bound particle, so that all bonds vibrate harmonic. By this the vibration of bonds increase either there is an additional bonding. By every bondings the kinetic energy of collision and the reduced spin energy is added to the vibration energies. When by this the vibration amplitude exceeds the maximal amplitude of a bond the band will break. So this ensures that not only the building of bonds occur but also the decay of bonds.

 

4.8 Rules for Structures of Particles

 

By the requirement of minimal spin-energies there are following requirements for bound particles concerning their structure:

1) Every electron can bind to 3 other electrons in a plane so that the three bound electrons are separated by angles of 120 degrees. Complex structures are more stable because there are more bonds per area. Very stable are six hexagonally bound photons. Theses often build linear chain structures, because by linear chain structures vibrations can be better coordinated so that theses are energetical preferred.

 

2) By 1) all bonds of same particle incl. atoms and molecules are in a plane (disc-like).

 

3) Based on ratio of measured diameters of atomic nuclei and atoms atoms and molecules consists by over 99.9 % of an in current physics unknown matter. The only current knowledge of this matter is that it has no mass, because the mass of an atom is determined just by the corresponding nucleus. This verifies the finding of SURe – New Physics that this matter are photon-chains.

 

4) New finding concerning bonds by photon- chains (June 2026)

An unsolved problem for me was, that I could not explain, that the microscopic observation of atoms showed massive solid structures at one position separated from other atoms. This could not be explained by the small areas of an atomic nucleus and the long planar photon-chains between atoms. There were also several comments to my home-page which doubted that the thin photon-chains are stable. I already tried multiple times before to find a solution for this discrepancy, but was not quite satisfied with my theories. Today (3- Jun- 2026) I am sure to have found the only possibility, which really can explain the observation of atoms, so that it is included in SURe - New Physics:

 

Again I found the only possible explanation by the second fundamental law of nature which requires that particles do as many bondings as possible. A specific characteristic of photon chain structures is their locally limited vibration mode of the hexagonally bound rings of photons. This offers the possibility that lots of hexagonal oligomers of photons take over this specific vibration-mode, so that oppositely rotating pole-regions of spin-energies can be superposed, which means real bondings to the 3^rd dimension are done. This is not possible directly on a nucleus. But it is likely that the multiple layers of photon structures, which bind on poles of of photons-chains expand to all directions, so these bridge over a nucleus. By this there will be lots of partly superposed photons will generate a 3-dimensional complex which surrounds a nucleus.

There is another specific characteristic of photon-chain structures. The bonds do flexible bondings, which means the bonds are permanently breaking and bound again. By this these structures have just a minor resistance for slow moving objects, but a high resistance against small particles with very high velocities. The reason for this is that the complex bonds require time to decay by which it is prevented, that these decay by particles with high velocities. Instead the particles are stopped and absorbed. This explains why the complete complex structure is observed by microscopes which work with electron scattering.

The same is the case for the detection of magnetic fields in space by absorption of photons. Magnetic fields are also structures of photon-chains.

 

5) Solid objects refer to crystallization of atoms or molecules out of a liquid or gaseous phase at low temperatures. Crystallization is done in a way so that the density of bonds is as high as possible. Crystallization often starts at multiple location so that lots of small regions are created which have many small areas of plane bonds. These are called domains. Between the domains the plane bondings have all kind of different bonding directions.

 

* The permanent vibrations of bound electrons of a particle are restricted to one single vibration mode, which is the symmetric stretch vibration. All other vibrations are physically impossibleThis falsifies current theory of the existence of multiple vibration modes.. require a position, at which the particle is fxed fixing Every object (particle, molecule, body) has one single vibration mode independent from number of bondings.

 

* As the increase of vibration beyond maximal amplitude results to the break of bonding, bondings which are in direction of vibration are more stable than bondings which are not in direction of vibrations.

This causes that linear cyclic structures have increased stabilities.

 

4.9 An Example of a fatal Misinterpretation: Bonding Energy

 

Physicists observed that energy is needed to break a bond and called the needed energy bonding energy. By this they draw the conclusion that the building of a bonding generates energy. Chemists know that all reactions need an activation energy, also reactions which generates high amounts of energy. Chemists also know that the complete activation energy for any reaction will be completely gained back by the same reaction. Thus activation energy is not consumed but is just necessary to activate the reaction. The reality is that the activation energy increases the vibration energy, which results to decay of particles. By the decay the total vibration energy including the activation energy ic transferred to kinetic energy of the decayed particles. This means kinetic energy (=usable energy) is generated instead of consumed.

The general physical rules are:

All decay reactions in the universe generate kinetic energies.

All binding reactions including all nuclear fusion reactions consume kinetic energy.

 

 

5. The Reality of Bondings to Atoms

 

5.1 The first Bondings up to Pions

 

Bonding reactions require two particles, which collide with relative low temperatures:

1. Electron + electron → electron-pair = neutrino (2e)

2a. Electron-pair + electron → muon (3e)

2b. Electron-pair + electron-pair → Linear photon (4e) unstable by back reaction

3a. Muon (3e) + electron → centered general photon (4e) = very stable

3b. Muon (3e) + electron → linear photon (4e) reaction to two electron-pairs

3c. Muon (3e) + electron- pair → linear pion (5e)quick decay by back reaction

3d. Muon (3e) + electron- pair → general centered pion (5e)

4a. Photon (4e) + electron → general centered pion (5e)

 

5.2 The Bondings from Pion to Proton

 

Following knowledge by reliable observations determine the reactions, by which protons are generated:

1. Protons refer to the basic nuclei of hydrogen.

2. As all stars in universe consist of hydrogen, there have been generated huge amounts of protons in the early days of the generation of the universe.

3. As currently nearly no additional protons are generated, the reaction for generation requires specific conditions, which were present in the first days of generation, but not later.

4. In addition also the technical generation of protons by subatomic particles is not done until now.

5. Protons are less stable than photons but more stable than other subatomic particles.

6. The identified decay particles in the 1930s years were

proton → kaon → pion → photon → muon → electron

Conclusion by 3. and 4.:

The major difference between first and later days after generation is that huge amounts of pions and muons were present in the first days in universe but not in later days. Therefore reactions by pions and muons should have generated the huge amount of protons.

Overall the following reactions are the only which fulfill all requirements for proton generation in the universe. In addition these show that the reactions for generation are reverse to the identified successive decay particles of the last performed valuable particle research in the 1930s years.

 

Photon (4e) + muon (3e) → kaon -L (7e)

Alternative reaction which generates kaons-L:

Photon (4e) + pion (5e) → kaon-L (7e) + electron-pair (2e)

Kaon-L (7e) + muon (3e) → neutron (10e)

Alternative reaction which generates neutrons:

Kaon-L (7e) + pion (5e) → neutron (10e) + electron-pair (2e)

Neutron(10e) + muon (3e) → proton (13e)

Alternative reaction:

Neutron(10e) + pion (5e) → proton (13e) + electron-pair (2e)

Current reaction by high energetic photons from sun:

Neutron (10e) + photon (4e) → proton (13e) + electron (e)

Remarks:

* Kaon-L is the most stable kaon.

* The first decay reaction of a proton is activated by a high energetic photon from photon-chain of a gas molecule. The kaons react to pions.

Proton (13e) + Photon (4e) → kaon-L (7e) + kaon -S (10e)

Kaon L (7e) → pion (5e) general + electron-pair (2e)

Kaon S (10e) → pion (5e) general + pion (5e) linear

By catalytic effect during collision against gas molecules a proton decays to neutron:

Proton (13e) → neutron (10e) + muon (3e)

* Pictures of particles are included in the former version which is presented in the attachment.

 

5.3 The Bonding from Protons to Hydrogen

 

The concentration of photons quickly increases in universe, so that photons bind to the generated protons. One single photon chain is favored compared to three possible bonding positions of protons. The single photon-chain is generated at a position so that most photon vibrate to the direction of the movement by which these are more stable. When there are bonds in other directions these are the first, which decay again.

 

5.4 The Bonding of Hydrogen to a Star like the Sun

 

As the temperature is sufficient low and low temperatures favor bonding reactions the hydrogen molecules start to do proton-proton bondings. Therefore the second and third bonding options will be also used to do proton-proton bondings. These bondings are at first done at the two free bonding possibilities of protons. These reactions are called nuclear fusion reactions. Absolutely wrong is the current term thermonuclear reaction. As already explained a nuclear fusion is a bonding reaction, which always consumes energy. Only when the proton-proton bonding replaces a photon then thermal energy is generated because the released photon is always an IR-photon. Overall the proton-proton bonding (nuclear fusion) does only occur when there is a specific cold temperature. The specific temperature at which nuclear fusion occurs is called freezing temperature and the bonding process of nuclear fusion is called freezing. When IR-photons are emitted by nuclear fusion this is called heat of freezing, by which the freezing (=nuclear fusion) is stopped as long as the temperature is not below freezing point. As the surroundings of a star have a temperature of 3 Kelvin compared to 14 K freezing temperature the freezing process is just a bit reduced by the generated heat of freezing.

All these reactions are identical to freezing of water, which is also a nuclear fusion by proton-proton- bondings. Thus the reality of reactions and temperatures in sun should be well known by physicists. When the temperatures in sun would increase about 14 Kelvin, the sun would not exist. This is a very simple and unambiguous conclusion of research data from physicist. There is also no relevant change of the freezing point in center of sun. The reason for this are:

1. Freezing points are generally not much changed by pressure.

2. There is no significant pressure in center of sun. By knowledge of the physical reality of the gravitational force, it is physically impossible that in the center of stars a relevant gravitational force can be generated.

 

5.5 The first Explanation of the Ignition of a Star

 

The third bonding option of a proton is occupied by the photon- chain. This is replaced by a third proton-proton bond. The emitted photon-chains has the characteristics of a gas and therefore drift to the surface of the star. On the way to the surface the photon-chains do mutual bondings with other photon-chains so that these will get very large. In this status these are identical to magnetic field lines. At the surface their movement is stopped by a surface membrane which consists of hexagonally bound hydrogen molecules. These are nearly identical to the generated surface membrane of water. For the large magnetic fields it is not possible to move through this membrane. Therefore they build-up pressure under the membrane. The pressure increases until it is so strong that the surface membrane cracks. By this huge ejections of magnetic fields mixed with some hydrogen and single protons are catapulted out of the surface of sun. By collisions of protons with magnetic fields the magnetic fields decay to huge amounts of photons by self-accellerated chain reactions. This process is called the ignition of a star.

The photons are emitted with all kind of different kinetic energies mostly away from sun surface. This assures that the surface is not critically heated up. The temperature of the space around sun stays at 3 Kelvin as the photons are nearly all radiated IR-photons, which need absorption by atomic matter to generate omnipresent IR-photons and thus heat.

Very large cracks, which do not ignite in low distances to sun surfaces refer to the so called dark sun spots.

 

 

5.6 The Generation of all other Atoms by Supernova

 

In center of sun a high fused material is generated, which sonsist of bound protons and thus can be called protonium. When nearly all material of a star reacted to protonium, it reaches nearly up to the surface, so that the magnetic fields can’t separate anymore from this. By this an explosive mixture of protonium and magnetic fields will be ignited at the surface of the stars. By this the protonium decays which generates all kind of atoms and simple molecules, which are emitted with strong forces out in space. Decay reactions always generate huge amounts of energy. In this case it is energy which is stored in the bondings of fused protons. But by radioactive decays specific bound proton-units can react to neutron- units.

The generated matter by supernova which is spread by the supernova in huge areas of the space will condense again and thus generate new star systems.

This explains why generally nearly all atoms consists of bound protons.

 

 

5.7 Remnants of Supernova

A celestial body as remnant of star after supernova is possible, because in the center of a star nearly 100 % of protonium can be generated, which is very stable compared to lower concentrated nuclear fusion material in distant regions of the center. Thus a supernova would stop at the 100% protonium. This should not be called neutron star but proton star.

A very high rotation of such a star is physically impossible. Instead of rotation there is just left activity of generation of high frequent single ejections.

 

 

 

 

5.8 Black Holes are the most simplest celestial bodies

 

The first celestial bodies in universe were black holes. These were generated by freezing of photons.

An important observation of physicists is that the orbit velocities of stars reduce by reduced distances to black hole. By this it can be clearly concluded that near a black hole there is no gravity. This is verified by fundamental laws of nature by which near surface of black holes there is even anti-gravitation. This is required to avoid collisions of other celestial bodies to black holes, which might cause problems of stability of gravitational force in galaxies.

 

5.9 Other issues of Astrophysics are explained in SURe – New Physics Vol. Astrophysics.

 

 

 

ATTACHMENT

 

Prior Version with pictures